Analysis of vitamin D status among children under 7 years of age in some regions of China / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To explore current vitamin D status and influential factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among children under 7 years of age in 11 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities of China. Methods: According to the "province-city-hospital" sampling technical route, a total of 1 531 healthy children under 7 years of age were sampled from 11 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities in China by the cluster random sampling method from November 2020 to November 2021. The demographic information, family conditions, behavior and living habits and feeding behaviors were collected using unified questionnaire. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D) levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Serum 25(OH)D<30 nmol/L was considered deficient and 30-50 nmol/L was considered insufficient. With 25(OH)D≤50 nmol/L as the dependent variable, multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the association between vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency and potential influential factors. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among children under 7 years of age in 11 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities of China was 14.0% (215/1 531), 3.8% (25/664) and 21.9% (190/867) in 0-<3 and 3-<7 of age years, respectively. Compared to children aged 0-<3 years, children aged 3-<7 years had a 2.6-fold increased risk of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency (OR=3.60, 95%CI 1.93-6.72, P<0.001). Frequent sunlight exposure (OR=0.46, 95%CI 0.29-0.73, P=0.001), vitamin D supplementation (sometimes, OR=0.33, 95%CI 0.21-0.51, P<0.001; daily, OR=0.20, 95%CI 0.11-0.36, P<0.001) and infant formula intake(4-7 times per weeks, OR=0.43, 95%CI 0.28-0.68, P<0.001) were protective factors for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are common among children under 7 years of age in 11 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities of China, which is affected by age, sunlight exposure, vitamin D supplementation and infant formula intake.

Dilated cardiomyopathy and sudden death associated with vitamin D and calcium / 中国实用儿科杂志

Hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy could result in sudden congestive heart failure,cardiogenic shock,or sudden death. One of the causes of congestive heart failure is hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy. Beware of hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy at the diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy during infancy.Hypocalcemia is a biochemical characteristic,and cardiomyopathy is pathological feature in hypocalcemia cardiomyopathy.Vitamin D deficiency is the primary cause of cardiomyopathy.Hypocalcemia cardiomyopathy is based on vitamin D or calcium deficiency. Hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy responds well to vitamin D and calcium supplementation.

Effect of baicalein on reversal of multidrug resistance in MCF-7/MX cells in vitro and its mechanisms / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of baicalein on the reversal of multidrug resistance ( MDR) media-ted by breast cancer resistance protein ( BCRP) in hu-man breast cancer MCF-7/MX cells, and explore the possible mechanisms. Methods MTT assay was per-formed to determine the cytotoxicity of baicalein and susceptibility of chemotherapeutic drugs. The protein expression levels of BCRP, p-p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 were determined by Western blot. Results MCF-7/MX cells were not only resistant to MX but cross-re-sistant to 5-FU and DDP, and the resistance index was 70. 45, 6. 68 and 21. 47, respectively. 2. 5, 5μmol· L-1 of baicalein could increase the sensitivity to above chemotherapeutic agents and decrease the expression levels of BCRP, p-p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 in MCF-7/MX cells. Conclusion Baicalein can effec-tively reverse MDR of MCF-7/MX by down-regulating BCRP expression through p38/MAPK and NF-κB path-ways.

Baicalein inhibits monocrotaline-induced vascular wall thickening in rats with pulmonary hypertension / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effects of baicalein on pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)induced by monocrotaline(MCT)in rats,and its molecular mechanism was further explored.METHODS: Male SD rats(n=28) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, MCT group, MCT+baicalein 50 mg/kg group and MCT +baicalein 100 mg/kg group.The PAH model was established by subcutaneous injection of MCT.After 2 weeks of modeling,the rats in baicalein treatment groups were gavaged baicalein 50 and 100 mg· kg -1· d-1for 14 d,the rats in control group were administered with saline.After 4 weeks of modeling,right ventricular systolic pressure(RVSP),right ventricular hypertro-phy index(RVHI)and right ventricular mass index(RVMI)were detected.Masson staining was used to detect the degree of lung fibrosis.The pathomorphological changes of the pulmonary vessels were observed by HE staining.Western blot was used to detect the expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)in the lung tissue and the phosphorylation p 38,ERK and JNK in the artery.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,RVSP, RVHI and RVMI increased significantly in the MCT group(P<0.01).Pulmonary fibrosis and the thickening of pulmonary artery wall were observed.α-SMA was up-regulated and p38,ERK and JNK was activated significantly(P<0.01).Compared with the MCT group,baicalein(50 and 100 mg/kg)significantly decreased the RVSP,RVHI and RVMI(P<0.01).Lung fibrosis was reduced and the vas-cular wall thickening was decreased in baicalein-treated groups.Baicalein(50 and 100 mg/kg)inhibited the phosphoryla-tion of p38,ERK and JNK compared with the MCT group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Baicalein ameliorates MCT-in-duced PAH by the inhibition of pulmonary artery wall thickening at least partially via MAPK signaling pathway.

Neuropsychological Profile Related with Executive Function of Chinese Preschoolers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Neuropsychological Measures and Behavior Rating Scale of Executive Function-Preschool Version / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background:</b>Previous studies have found that schoolchildren with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) showed difficulties in neuropsychological function. This study aimed to assess neuropsychological function in Chinese preschoolers with ADHD using broad neuropsychological measures and rating scales and to test whether the pattern and severity of neuropsychological weakness differed among ADHD presentations in preschool children.</p><p><b>Methods:</b>The 226 preschoolers (163 with ADHD and 63 controls) with the age of 4-5 years were included and assessed using the Behavior Rating Scale of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) and a series of tests to investigate neuropsychological function.</p><p><b>Results</b>Preschoolers with ADHD showed higher scores in all domains of the BRIEF-P (inhibition: 30.64 ± 5.78 vs.20.69 ± 3.86, P < 0.001; shift: 13.40 ± 3.03 vs.12.41 ± 2.79, P = 0.039; emotional control:15.10 ± 3.53 vs.12.20 ± 2.46, P < 0.001; working memory: 28.41 ± 4.99 vs.20.95 ± 4.60, P < 0.001; plan/organize: 17.04 ± 3.30 vs.13.29 ± 2.40, P < 0.001) and lower scores of Statue (23.18 ± 7.84 vs.28.27 ± 3.18, P = 0.001), Word Generation (15.22 ± 6.52 vs.19.53 ± 7.69, P = 0.025), Comprehension of Instructions (14.00 ± 4.44 vs.17.02 ± 3.39, P = 0.016), Visuomotor Precision (P < 0.050), Toy delay (P = 0.048), and Matrices tasks (P = 0.011), compared with normal control. In terms of the differences among ADHD subtypes, all ADHD presentations had higher scores in several domains of the BRIEF-P (P < 0.001), and the ADHD-combined symptoms (ADHD-C) group had the poorest ratings on inhibition and the ability to Plan/Organize. For neuropsychological measures, the results suggested that the ADHD-C group had poorer performances than the ADHD-predominantly inattentive symptoms (ADHD-I) group on Statue tasks (F = 7.34, η = 0.12, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the ADHD-hyperactive/impulsive symptoms group had significantly poorer performances compared to the ADHD-C group in the Block Construction task (F = 4.89, η = 0.067, P = 0.003). However, no significant group differences were found between the ADHD-I group and normal control.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b>Based on the combined evaluation of performance-based neuropsychological tests and the BRIEF-P, preschoolers with ADHD show difficulties of neuropsychological function in many aspects.</p>

Effects of benzo(a)pyrene on expressions of insulin-degrading enzyme and neprilysin in neuroglia cells / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) on expressions of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and neprilysin (NEP) which have the ability to degrade β-amyloid (Aβ) in neuroglia cells.@*METHODS@#Primary mix-neuroglia cells were cultured from newborn SD rats. After exposure to BaP, Aβ1-42 oligomer or Aβ1-42 fiber individually or jointly for 24 h, the cell survival rate was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Afterwards, the primary mix-neuroglia cells were divided randomly into six groups: Control group, BaP group (2.00 μmol/L), Aβ1-42 oligomer group (20.00 mg/L), BaP plus Aβ1-42 oligomer group, Aβ1-42 fiber group (20.00 mg/L) and BaP plus Aβ1-42 fiber group, of which BaP was pretreated for 12 h followed by cotreatment with different aggregated Aβ1-42. The expressions of IDE and NEP were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for mRNA level and Western blotting for protein level.@*RESULTS@#The cell survival rate showed no significant differences after treatment with BaP (≤20.00 μmol/L), Aβ1-42 oligomer (20.00, 40.00 mg/L), Aβ1-42 fiber (20.00, 40.00 mg/L) or cotreatment with BaP and Aβ1-42 oligomer or BaP and Aβ1-42 fiber. Compared with the control group, expressions of IDE and NEP in BaP-treated alone group had no obvious change; however, exposure to Aβ1-42 oligomer alone significantly increased the mRNA and protein level of IDE (P<0.05), and the BaP pretreatment could significantly inhibit the up-regulated expressions of IDE by Aβ1-42 oligomer (P<0.05); on the other hand, exposure either to Aβ1-42 fiber alone or under the BaP pretreatment did not change the mRNA and protein level of IDE and NEP obviously.@*CONCLUSION@#On the premise of no significant change of cell survival rate, BaP pretreatment inhibited the up-regulated expressions of IDE in primary mixed neuroglia cells under cotreatment with Aβ oligomer, indicating that BaP may disturb degradation of Aβ oligomer and cause deposition of β-amyloid and further induce cognitive decline and acceleration of Alzheimer.

Testosterone Undecanoate Pills improves insulin resistance in type-2 diabetes men with hypogonadism / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the effects of Testosterone Undecanoate Pills (TUP) on insulin resistance (IR) in type-2 diabetes men with hypogonadism.@*METHODS@#We randomly divided 82 type-2 diabetes patients with hypogonadism into a treatment (n = 42) and a control group (n = 40), both maintaining their glucose- and lipid-reducing therapies, while the former treated orally with TUP in addition. After 6 months of medication, we compared the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood glucose level, HbA1c, lipid profile, IR index obtained by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), sex hormone levels, and sexual function scores between the two groups of patients.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the baseline, the patients in the treatment group showed significant decreases after medication in BMI (［26.71 ± 2.39］ vs ［25.15 ± 2.28］ kg/m2, P 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#TUP can significantly improve insulin resistance in type-2 diabetes men with hypogonadism.

Clinical features, gene mutation and genetic counseling in Rett syndrome patients / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene (MECP2 gene) from typical sporadic Rett syndrome patients,explore the correlations between their genotype and phenotype,assist in genetic counseling.Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes from 2 patients and their parents using standard protocols.Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were performed using specific primers from 4 exons in MECP2 gene.Results No mutations were found in exon 1,2,3.Two different heterozygous missense mutations in exon 4 within MECP2 gene were identified from 2 patients.Their nuclear acid changes were:c.C473T and c.C397T,leading to amino acid change accordingly:p.T158M and p.R133C.There were no same mutations from their parents.Phenotype of patient with c.C397T was milder than patient with c.C473T.Conclusions Most of typical Rett syndrome patients had mutations in MECP2 gene.Gene test should be performed.Their biological parents should be detected accordingly if the patient had positive found to support genetic counseling.

Study on Function of Osteoclast in Infants and Toddlers / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the osteoclast′s function levels in infants and toddlers and the relationship between the osteoclast function and sex,age,body length,body weight and body mass index(BMI).Methods Sixty-eight children(37 boys and 31 girls,aged from 1 to 36 months) were studied.All of the children were in good health.These children were divided as infants group and toddlers group according to their age.Just before the samples were collected,the children′s body weight,body length were measured and the BMI were calculated.Two biochemical markers,such as serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRAP5b) and urine deoxypyridinoline(DPD) were measured.Results The difference of serum TRAP5b concentration between infants and toddlers was significant at the level of P

Status of Osteoblast in Children with Idiopathic Short Stature / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To detect serum bone specific alkaline phosphatase(BAP) and osteocalcin(OC) in children with idiopathic short stature(ISS),and explore the status of osteoblast.Methods Thirty-six cases of ISS in this study were divided into two groups(preaddescence group and adolescence group),50 healthy children as control group.The height,weight and body mass index in every group were measured.Left hand and wrist were measured with CHN way for bone age.Serum BAP and OC were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results BAP and OC in ISS group of preadolescence were(79.90?25.96) U/L,(60.96?18.46)?g/L,and(152.17?35.36)U/L,(76.16?28.03)?g/L in normal children.In the ISS group of adolescence BAP and OC were(108.33?35.20)U/L,(63.82?24.81)?g/L,and(156.30?35.29)U/L,(104.92?28.26)?g/L in normal group.There was significant difference between ISS and control group in both age in the levels of BAP and OC(Pa

Study on Living Related Liver Transplantation for Treating Wilson′s Disease in Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the liver pathology from live related liver transplatation(LRLT) of Wilson′s disease(WD) in children,and evaluatethe indication of LRLT.Methods The sample of this study,including the donater and patient,came from the LRLT. It was observed with HE,MASSON,Timm′s and Rubeanic staining.Results With HE and MASSON stainning,hepatocyte showed degeneration,fiber hyperplasic and false lobule formed;Timm′s and Rubeanic stainning showed typical black deposit of granules and conglomerations.Liver pathology revealed that liver cirrhosis appeared,and it was diffrentent from Child Pugh.Conclusions It is of great significance that the liver pathology is useful for the treatment of WD.If liver pathology supportes,the indication of LRLT can be measurably broadened.

Vitamin K deficiency in low-birth weight premature infants and its relationship with intraventricular hemorrhage / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the incidence of vitamin K deficiency in low-birth weight premature infants and its relationship with intraventricular hemorrhage.Methods We use emzymoimmunoelectrophoresis to detect prophrombin protein precursors(PIVKA-Ⅱ) in vein blood in premature infants

Changes of Transforming Growth Factor-?_1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Children with Primary Nephrotic Syndrome / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the change of serum transforming growth factor(TGF)-?1 and vascular endothelial growth facter( VEGF) in children with different types of primary nephrotic syndrome( PNS). Methods Children involved in the experiments were divided into simple type group, 16 cases; nephrit was type group, 16 cases, collecting blood sample in prednison - pretreated stage and in prednison- treated stage;control group, 14 cases. Monoclonal EUISA detected TGF-?1 and VEGF. Results Serum level of TGF-?1 and VKGF in active stage of simple type were higher than those of remission stage. The level in nephritis type was no signifi cant difference between prednison- treated stage and prednison - pretreated stage. The level in nephritis type was significantly higher than that in simple type. Conclusion Monitoring the dynamic change of serum TGF-?1 and VEGF can assess the effect of prednison treatment,and evaluate the prognosis of nephrotic syndrome.

Study on mutation effects of antiepileptic drugs in epileptic children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the mutagenic action of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs), and find an effective way to prevent the mutagenesis induced by AEDs,by observing the effects of AEDs on serum folic acid(FA) level and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency in epileptic children.Methods Ninty epileptic children were divided into different groups on the basis of the different drugs they had taken, then detected the two indexes at different time points.Results The serum FA level and SCE frequency of the patients significantly decreased and increased after they took carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproic acid (VPA)respectively. The two indexes went back respectively when supplied with FA.Conclusions Both CBZ and VPA possess mutagenic action, yet nitrazepam does not.FA may help repair the chromosome damage and reduce the mutagenesis effects.